"...I exhort you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you all agree and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be made complete in the same mind and in the same judgment.11 For I have been informed concerning you, my brethren, by Chloe’s people, that there are quarrels among you.12 Now I mean this, that each one of you is saying, “I am of Paul,” and “I of Apollos,” and “I of Cephas,” and “I of Christ.”13 as Christ been divided? Paul was not crucified for you, was he? Or were you baptized in the name of Paul?" (1 Corinthians 1:10-13 NASB)
"...I, the prisoner of the Lord, implore you to walk in a manner worthy of the calling with which you have been called,2 with all humility and gentleness, with patience, showing tolerance for one another in love,3 being diligent to preserve the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.4 There is one body and one Spirit, just as also you were called in one hope of your calling;5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism,6 one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all." (Ephesians 4:1-4 NASB)
'One baptism' means the unity of the one Christ we have been baptized into. It does not mean 'everything happens at one moment in time in one water baptism'. That's not even the subject he is addressing in the passage.
I agree with your statement -
It does not mean 'everything happens at one moment in time in one water baptism'.
Notice what Paul says -
Or were you Baptized in the name of Paul.
The point being, they were not baptized in the name of Paul, They were in fact Baptized
in the name of the Lord Jesus.
Here we see that expression in Acts 19 -
1 And it happened, while Apollos was at Corinth, that Paul, having passed through the upper regions, came to Ephesus. And finding some disciples 2 he said to them, "Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?" So they said to him, "We have not so much as heard whether there is a Holy Spirit." 3 And he said to them, "Into what then were you baptized?" So they said, "Into John's baptism." 4 Then Paul said, "John indeed baptized with a baptism of repentance, saying to the people that they should believe on Him who would come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus." 5 When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. 6 And when Paul had laid hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke with tongues and prophesied.
Acts 19:1-6
... And he said to them, "Into what then were you baptized? So they said,
"Into John's baptism."
They had been Baptized in water. That was John's Baptism.
John's Baptism was from God and valid.
Then Paul said -
...they should believe on Him who would come after him, that is, on
Christ Jesus." 5
When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.
These had already been Baptized in water.
They were not baptized in water again, they were born again, that is to say there spirit was made alive and compatible to be filled with the Holy Spirit.
As the next verse proves this - ... when Paul had laid hands on them,
the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke with tongues.
They could not be filled with the Holy Spirit if they were not born again. They were not born again by John's Baptism
The point is
, being Baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus is what happens when we believe and are born again. This Baptism is
separate from water baptism.
Being Baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus is the One baptism by which we are Baptized into One Body.
It is being Baptized into Christ.
The problem with that is - When you Baptize someone in water,
they are baptized in the name of Jesus, not the name of
the Father, The Son and the Holy Spirit.
As we see in Acts 10, this is a reference to water baptism.
JLB